Sobanukirwa Ibihano Loni Yafatiye Abayobozi Ba AFC/M23 Barimo Corneille Nangaa

Akanama gashinzwe Umutekano ku Isi mu Muryango w’Abibumbye (UN Security Council), binyuze muri Komite yako ishinzwe gukurikirana ibihano, kafashe icyemezo gikomeye cyo gushyira ku rutonde rw’abafatiwe ibihano abantu batandatu n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba, bashinjwa kuba ku isonga ry’umutekano muke n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku ntwaro mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC).

Iki cyemezo cyatangajwe ku wa Kane, tariki ya 16 Nyakanga 2026, cyazamuye ikigero cy’imyifatire y’amahanga ku kibazo cy’iyi ntabaza imaze imyaka n’imyayaniko. Ku nshuro ya mbere mu buryo bweruye, ibi bihano ntibyagarukiye ku bantu ku giti cyabo gusa, ahubwo byakubise n’ihuriro rishya rya politiki n’igisirikare rya AFC (Alliance Fleuve Congo) n’umutwe wa M23.

Isura Nshya y’Abafatiwe Ibihano: Kuva kuri Nangaa kugeza kuri FDLR

Uru rutonde rushya rugaragaraho abantu bafite ububasha n’uruhare rukomeye mu miyoborere n’ubwenge (intelligence) bw’iyi mitwe. Dore ishusho y’abo Loni yatamitse umwenda w’akababaro:

Corneille Nangaa (AFC): Yahoze ari Umuyobozi wa Komisiyo y’Amatora mu RDC (CENI), ariko ubu akaba ari we Muhuzabikorwa Mukuru w’ihuriro rya Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC)—ihuriro rya politiki n’igisirikare ryunze ubumwe na M23. Nangaa ashinjwa gushishikariza abantu kwigomeka ku butegetsi no gushyira amakimbirane mu isura nshya ya politiki.
Colonel John Imani Nzenze (AFC/M23): Uyu ni umuyobozi mukuru w’ubutasi mu mutwe wa AFC/M23. Loni imushinja kuba umuyobozi mukuru w’imigambi y’ibitero (military operations) no guha ubufasha bw’amakuru inyeshyamba mu kwigarurira uduce twigarikwe n’intambara.
Général de Brigade Sébastien Uwimbabazi (FDLR): Umwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’umutwe wa FDLR (Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda), umutwe urwanya ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda kandi ukunze gushinjwa gukurura amacakubiri n’itsembabwoko mu karere.
Gustave Kubwayo uzwi nka ‘Sirkoof’ (FDLR): Uyu ni umuyobozi muri FDLR-FOCA, akaba n’umuyobozi w’umutwe udasanzwe w’abakando uzwi nka CRAP (Commando de recherche et d’action en profondeur). Ashinjwa gushimuta abasivili abasaba ingurane (ransom), ihohoterwa, no gucuruza mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko amabuye y’agaciro n’umutungo kamere wa Kongo.
Muhammed Lumisa (ADF): Uyu ni umuganga, umuyobozi, akaba n’ushinzwe ibikoresho n’imigenderanire n’amahanga w’umutwe wa Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) ukomoka mu Bugande ariko ukorera mu majyaruguru ya Kivu. Ashinjwa gufasha uyu mutwe w’iterabwoba kubona intwaro n’imiti bituma bakomeza gutsemba abasivili.
Colonel Charles Sematama (Twirwaneho): Umuyobozi wa gisirikare w’umutwe wa Twirwaneho, ukorera mu misozi miremire ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Uyu mutwe ushinjwa ibikorwa by’ihohoterwa n’ubwicanyi byibasira abaturage kuva washingwa hagati y’umwaka wa 2008 na 2010.

Sobanukirwa Neza Amabanga Yihishe Muri Ibi Bihano

Abantu benshi bibaza icyo ibi bihano bivuze mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw’aba bayobozi n’iyo mitwe. Loni ntabwo ifite igisirikare cyo kujya kubafata, ariko ibihano byayo bishyirwaho mu buryo bwa mategeko mpuzamahanga (International Law) bikubahirizwa n’ibihugu byose binyamuryango bya Loni. Ibi bihano bikubiye mu ngingo eshatu:

1. Gufatira Imitungo (Asset Freeze): Amafaranga yose, konti z’amabanki, imigabane mu masosiyete, cyangwa imitungo itimukanwa (amazu n’ubutaka) by’aba bantu n’iyi mitwe biri mu bihugu binyamuryango bya Loni bifatwa mu buryo bw’amategeko. Ntibashobora kubikuza, kubona amafaranga, cyangwa gukoresha imitungo yabo mu bucuruzi ubwo ari bwo bwose.
2. Kubuzwa Gukora Ingendo (Travel Ban): Aba bayobozi batandatu bambuwe uburenganzira bwo kwambuka imipaka irenga ijsns (193) y’ibihugu bigize Loni. Igihugu cyose bakandagiramo gifite inshingano zo kubata muri yombi cyangwa kubasubiza inyuma.
3. Ibihano ku Ntwaro (Arms Embargo): Birabujijwe kandi n’icyaha gushyikiriza, kugurisha, cyangwa guha ubufasha bw’intwaro, amasasu, cyangwa ibikoresho bya gisirikare aba bantu n’iyi mitwe (AFC na M23).

Gufata iki cyemezo ntabwo byaje bitunguranye, ahubwo ni umusaruro w’igihe kirekire w’ubushakashatsi n’amaraporo akomeye yakozwe n’Itsinda ry’Inzobere za Loni kuri Kongo (UN Group of Experts on the DRC). Aya maraporo akunze kugaragaza mu buryo burambuye imikoranire, amasoko y’amafaranga, n’ingero zifatika z’ihohoterwa ry’ihohoterwa rikorerwa Abaturage bo muri Kivu zombi

Impamvu Loni yahisemo Gushyiraho Ibi Bihano

Guhagarika ihuriro rishya rya AFC: Loni yabonye ko ihuriro Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC) ryatangiye gukwiza imizi mu buryo bwa politiki no gushaka abayoboke bashya haba imbere mu gihugu n’imahanga. Gukumira Nangaa n’umutwe we hakiri kare ni ukugerageza kubambura amahirwe yo kwemerwa nk’ubutegetsi bwa politiki bufite ishingiro.
Gusubiza inyuma ibitero ku mijyi mikuru: M23 imaze gukaza umurego yigarurira uduce twa masisi, Rutshuru, n’utundi twegereye imijyi nka Goma na n’ahandi. Loni yashakaga gutanga ubutumwa bukomeye ko itazomeza kurebera niba iyi mijyi ikomeje kugandezwa.
Kuringaniza uruhande rw’ibirego: Mu gihe cyashize, Loni yakunze gushinjwa n’abavuga rikumvikana kutagira icyo ikora kuri FDLR cyangwa ADF. Gushyira abayobozi b’iyi mitwe yose ku rutonde rumwe n’aba M23 ni ukugerageza kwerekana ko Loni idashyigikiye uruhande na rumwe mu bafite uruhare mu bwicanyi.

Ingaruka z’Ibi Bihano ku Rugamba n’Imibereho y’iyi Mitwe

Ese ibi bihano bishobora guhindura isura y’intambara ku nshuro ya mbere, cyangwa ni impapuro gusa nk’izindi zose zatambutse? Inzobere mu by’umutekano n’ubukungu bwa politiki mu Karere k’Ibyaga Bigari zigaragaza ingaruka zikurikira:

Kugorwa n’Ingendo n’Ubuvuzi: Ku bantu nka Muhammed Lumisa (ADF) usanzwe ari umuganga n’ushinzwe ibikoresho, cyangwa Gustave Kubwayo (FDLR) uyobora umutwe w’ibitero byimbitse, kubuzwa kwambuka imipaka bivuze ko batagishobora kujya gushaka imiti, ibikoresho bya gisirikare, cyangwa gukora inama za rwihiko mu bihugu byo hanze batarafatwa.
Gukomanyiriza Amasoko y’Amabuye y’Agaciro: Gustave Kubwayo na bagenzi bage bashinjwa gucuruza zahabu n’amabuye ya Coltan mu buryo bwa magendu. Ibi bihano bituma masosiyete mpuzamahanga agura aya mabuye atinya gufatwa nk’ayari gushyigikira iterabwoba, bitume abaguzi bagabanuka cyangwa amabuye yabo yamburwe agaciro.
Icyuho mu Bukangurambaga bwa Politiki bwa AFC: Corneille Nangaa nk’umunyepolitike, yari akeneye gukora ingendo mu Burayi, Amerika, cyangwa mu bindi bihugu by’Afurika gushaka inkunga y’amafaranga n’abayobokr muri politiki. Ibi bihano bihise bimufungira imiryango, bimugira umuntu utagira aho arenga (isolated persona).
Isubiranamo ry’Imitwe : Kubera ko intwaro n’amasasu bitemewe kubageraho (Embargo), iyi mitwe ishobora gutangira kurwanira uduce dufite amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa uduce tw’isoko rya magendu hagati yayo ngo irebe ko yabaho, ibi bishobora gukurura imirwano mishya hagati ya FDLR na M23 cyangwa indi mitwe .

Uko Impande Zitandukanye Zakiriye Ibi Bihano

Icyemezo cya Loni cyahise gikurura imyanzuro n’ibitekerezo binyuranye mu nzego za politiki z’akarere n’amahanga, buri ruhande rukigaragaza mu buryo buhuye n’inyungu zaryo:

Leta ya Kinshasa: Guverinoma ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo yakiriye neza iki cyemezo, by’umwihariko ishingiye ku gukomanyiriza Corneille Nangaa n’umutwe wa M23/AFC . Leta ya RDC yakunze gusaba amahanga gufatira ibihano bikomeye aba bayobozi n’abashyigikiye uyu mutwe, ikaba ibona iki cyemezo nk’insinzi ku rugamba rwayo rwa dipolomasi.
Ihuriro rya AFC/M23 n’Abanyapolitiki Batavuga Rumwe n’Ubutegetsi: Ku ruhande rwa Corneille Nangaa n’ubuyobozi bwa M23, ibi bihano bakunze kubyamagana bavuga ko bidashobora guhagarika urugamba rwabo rwa politiki. Kuri bo, babona ibi bihano nka tekiniki ya politiki yo kubacecekesha aho gukemura ikibazo nyamukuru cy’imiyoborere mibi n’umutekano muke mu gihugu.
U Rwanda n’Isura ya FDLR: Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, hashize igihe kirekire rusaba ko umuryango mpuzamahanga ugira icyo ukora gifatika ku mutwe wa FDLR . Gushyira abayobozi ba FDLR nka Sébastien Uwimbabazi na Gustave Kubwayo ku rutonde rw’ibi bihano, bishobora kubonwa nk’intabwe ishimishije ariko idahagije, mu gihe uyu mutwe ukomeje gukorana Bya hafi n’ingabo za Leta ya Kongo (FARDC) ku rugamba.

Amizero y’Ahazaza: Ese Ibi Bihano Bizazana Amahoro?

Mu gusoza, amateka y’ibihe byose yerekanye ko ibihano bya Loni byonyine bidahagije ngo birandure intambara mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC niba hatabayeho ubushake bwa politiki bw’ibihugu n’imitwe irebwa n’iki kibazo. Mu gihe gukomanyiriza ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro no gufunga konti z’amabanki bishobora gushyira igitutu ku hantu imitwe ikura amikoro, urugamba rwo hasi rwo ruracyasaba ibiganiro by’amahoro bishingiye ku kuri n’amategeko.

Ibi bihano bije nka gasopo ikomeye ku muryango mpuzamahanga ko utazigera wihanganira uwo ari we wese ukomeza kumena amaraso y’abasivili bazihorera . Igisigaye ni ukureba niba ibihugu bigize Loni bizashyira mu bikorwa izi ngamba mu buryo bwuzuye, cyangwa niba aba bayobozi n’iyi mitwe bazakomeza guca mu rihumye amategeko bakabaho mu bwihisho gusa.