Abajenerali Barenga 25 Basezerewe Muri RDF Mu Myaka 3: Menya Ukuri Ku Mpinduka Zateje Impaka

Mu myaka itatu ishize, Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) zanyuzemo impinduka zikomeye mu buyobozi, aho abasirikare bakuru benshi barimo abari bafite amapeti yo hejuru basezerewe mu cyubahiro cyangwa bakurwa mu ngabo.

Izi mpinduka zateje ibibazo n’impaka mu bantu batandukanye: Ese ni gahunda isanzwe yo kuvugurura igisirikare no gutegura abayobozi bashya, cyangwa hari izindi mpamvu zikomeye ziri inyuma y’izi mpinduka?

Impinduka zikomeye mu buyobozi bwa RDF

Ingabo z’igihugu ni rumwe mu nzego zishingirwaho cyane mu mutekano w’igihugu, bityo impinduka ziba muri uru rwego zikunze gukurikiranwa cyane.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2023 kugeza mu 2026, Perezida Paul Kagame, akaba n’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ikirenga w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, yemeje impinduka zitandukanye mu buyobozi bwa RDF zirimo gusezerera abasirikare bakuru bari bamaze imyaka myinshi mu kazi.Muri aba harimo abari bafite amapeti akomeye nka ba Jenerali, Lieutenant General, Major General na Brigadier General.

Bamwe muri aba basirikare bari bafite amateka akomeye mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ndetse no kubaka inzego z’umutekano z’u Rwanda nyuma y’intambara.Ariko kandi, guhinduka kw’abayobozi mu gisirikare si ibintu bidasanzwe.

Mu bihugu byinshi ku isi, abasirikare bakuru bagenda basimburwa uko imyaka, amategeko y’akazi n’imiterere y’umutekano bihinduka.Icyatumye izi mpinduka zo muri RDF zikurura abantu benshi ni ubwinshi bw’abagiye basezererwa mu gihe gito.

Abajenerali basezerewe mu cyubahiro kuva mu 2023

Uruhande rwa Leta y’u Rwanda rukunze gusobanura ko gusezerera abasirikare bikorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko agenga ingabo, harimo imyaka y’akazi, gahunda yo gusimburana mu buyobozi ndetse no gutegura ejo hazaza h’igisirikare.

Mu mwaka wa 2023 habayeho impinduka nini, aho abasirikare bakuru benshi basezerewe mu cyubahiro.

Muri bo harimo:

Gen James Kabarebe

Gen Fred Ibingira

Lt Gen Charles Kayonga

Lt Gen Frank Mushyo Kamanzi

Maj Gen Albert Murasira

Maj Gen Eric Murokore

Maj Gen Augustin Turagara

Maj Gen Charles Karamba

Brig Gen Chris Murari

Brig Gen Didace Ndahiro

Brig Gen Emmanuel Ndahiro

Aba bose bari mu basirikare bazwi cyane mu mateka ya RDF, aho bamwe bagize uruhare rukomeye mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’igihugu mu myaka yashize.

Mu 2024, abandi basirikare bakuru nabo basezerewe barimo:

Gen Jean Bosco Kazura

Brig Gen John Bagabo

Brig Gen John Bosco Rutikanga

Brig Gen Johnson Hodari

Brig Gen Firmin Bayingana

Mu 2025, impinduka zakomeje aho abandi barimo:

Maj Gen Andrew Kagame

Maj Gen Wilson Gumisiriza

Brig Gen Joseph Demali

Brig Gen Fred Muziraguharara

Brig Gen James Ruzibiza

Brig Gen Frank Mutembe

Brig Gen Pascal Muhizi

Brig Gen Nelson Rwigema

Brig Gen Jean Paul Karangwa

Mu 2026, abandi basezerewe barimo:

Maj Gen Emmanuel Bayingana

Maj Gen Vincent Gatama

Brig Gen Albert Rugambwa

Nyuma yo gusezerwa: Ese bahise bava mu bikorwa by’igihugu?

Gusezerwa mu gisirikare ntibisobanuye ko buri musirikare mukuru ahita ava mu nshingano z’igihugu.

Bamwe muri aba basirikare bakomeje guhabwa indi mirimo mu nzego za Leta.

Urugero, Maj Gen Emmanuel Bayingana yagizwe Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Israel, mu gihe Gen James Kabarebe yakomeje kugira inshingano mu nzego za Leta.

Abandi basirikare nka Gen Fred Ibingira na Lt Gen Charles Kayonga bagiye bibanda ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi, ishoramari ndetse n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.

Ibi bituma bamwe babona ko gusezera mu gisirikare ari impinduka mu nshingano aho kuba iherezo ry’umurimo wakoreraga igihugu.

Ariko se ni iki cyatumye izi mpinduka zikurura impaka?

Nubwo Leta ivuga ko ari gahunda isanzwe yo gucunga neza ingabo no gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko, hari abandi babona izi mpinduka mu buryo butandukanye.

Bamwe mu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bavuga ko guhindura umubare munini w’abayobozi bakuru b’ingabo mu gihe gito bishobora kuba bifite n’impamvu zijyanye n’umutekano wa politiki no kugenzura neza inzego z’umutekano.

Ku rundi ruhande, abashyigikira Leta bavuga ko igisirikare kigomba guhora kivugururwa, kandi ko nta rwego rukomeye rushobora gukomeza ruyoborwa n’abantu bamwe gusa imyaka myinshi.

Ni muri uwo murongo havugwa igitekerezo cya “Generation Shift”, cyangwa guhindura ikiragano cy’abayobozi, aho abasirikare bafite uburambe bushya n’ubumenyi bujyanye n’ibibazo by’umutekano byo muri iki gihe bahabwa umwanya.

Ariko mbere yo kureba niba izi mpinduka ari gahunda isanzwe yo kuvugurura RDF cyangwa niba hari izindi mpamvu ziri inyuma yazo, ni ngombwa kubanza kureba abasirikare bakuru batasezerewe mu cyubahiro ahubwo bakuwe mu ngabo kubera ibibazo by’imikorere.

Abirukanywe muri RDF: Iyo Umuyobozi Mukuru Ashinjwa Kutubahiriza Indangagaciro za Gisirikare

Mu gihe bamwe mu basirikare bakuru ba RDF basezerewe mu cyubahiro nyuma yo kurangiza inshingano zabo, hari abandi batagize amahirwe yo gusohoka mu gisirikare muri ubwo buryo.

Mu mateka y’ingabo z’u Rwanda, hari abasirikare bakuru bagiye bakurwa mu nshingano cyangwa bakirukanwa nyuma yo kugaragarwaho ibibazo bijyanye n’imiyoborere, imyitwarire cyangwa amakosa arebana n’inshingano zabo.

Ibi byagaragaje ko nubwo ipeti rya gisirikare rishobora kuba rikomeye, umuyobozi wese agomba kubazwa inshingano ze iyo hagaragaye amakosa.

Maj Gen Martin Nzaramba: Urubanza rwagaragaje ihame ryo kubazwa inshingano

Umwe mu basirikare bakuru bagiye bavugwa cyane muri izi mpinduka ni Maj Gen Martin Nzaramba.Uyu musirikare yari umwe mu bayobozi bakuru muri RDF, akaba yari ashinzwe kuyobora Ikigo cy’Imyitozo ya Gisirikare cya Gabiro (Basic Military Training Centre), ahatangirwa amahugurwa ku basirikare bashya binjira mu ngabo.

Mu mwaka wa 2023, Perezida Paul Kagame yemeje ko Maj Gen Martin Nzaramba akurwa mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda hamwe n’abandi basirikare.

Nk’uko byatangajwe n’inzego zibishinzwe, yari akurikiranyweho ibibazo birimo imiyoborere mibi, kunyereza umutungo wagombaga gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bya gisirikare ndetse n’ibindi birego bijyanye n’imikorere ye.

Icyemezo cyo kumukura mu ngabo cyashyizwe mu murongo w’uko RDF igomba gukomeza kubahiriza amahame y’imyitwarire n’ubunyamwuga, aho umuyobozi wese ashobora kubazwa inshingano ze hatitawe ku ipeti afite.

Ubutumwa bwatanzwe ni uko kuba umuntu ari umuyobozi mukuru mu gisirikare bitamuha ubudahangarwa ku mategeko.

Kuki ibihano ku basirikare bakuru bikurura abantu benshi?

Iyo umusirikare wo ku rwego rwo hejuru akuwe mu nshingano, inkuru ye ikunze gukurura abantu benshi kurusha iy’abandi bakozi kubera ko igisirikare ari urwego rufite uruhare runini mu mutekano w’igihugu.

Ku ruhande rumwe, abashyigikira uburyo RDF ikoramo bavuga ko guhana abasirikare bagaragayeho amakosa ari ikimenyetso cy’uko inzego z’umutekano zishaka gukomeza kugira umurongo uhamye kandi wubakiye ku mategeko.

Bavuga ko igisirikare kidashobora kugira icyizere mu baturage cyangwa mu basirikare ubwabo niba abayobozi bacyo batabazwa ibyo bakoze.

Uko abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi babibona

Ku rundi ruhande, bamwe mu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bagiye bagaragaza ko rimwe na rimwe impamvu zitangazwa ku mugaragaro ku bakuwe mu nzego z’ubuyobozi zishobora kuba zitagaragaza ishusho yose.

Bamwe bavuga ko mu nzego z’umutekano, cyane cyane mu gisirikare, impinduka nk’izi zishobora no kugira uruhare mu gucunga neza imbaraga n’ubushobozi bw’abayobozi bakuru.

Aba babihuza n’amateka y’abandi basirikare bakomeye bahoze muri RDF nyuma bakajya mu mahanga cyangwa mu bikorwa bya politiki bitandukanye.

Icyakora, ibi ni ibitekerezo by’ababivuga, mu gihe inzego za Leta zo zisobanura ko ibikorwa nk’ibi bishingira ku mategeko no ku mikorere y’igisirikare.

Igisirikare, icyizere n’imiyoborere

Mu gisirikare icyo ari cyo cyose, icyizere hagati y’abayobozi n’abayoborwa ni kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi.

Iyo umuyobozi wo ku rwego rwo hejuru avanyweho kubera amakosa, bishobora kuba isomo ku bandi bayobozi ko inshingano zihabwa umuntu zigomba kujyana no kubazwa uko azikoresha.

Ni na yo mpamvu abasesenguzi bamwe bavuga ko gukurikirana abasirikare bakuru atari intege nke z’urwego, ahubwo bishobora kuba uburyo bwo kururinda.

Ariko ku bandi, cyane cyane abasesengura politiki y’u Rwanda, impinduka nyinshi mu nzego z’umutekano zikomeje kubyutsa ibibazo ku mpamvu z’igihe n’uburyo bikorwa.

Amateka y’abasirikare bavuye muri RDF bakajya muri opposition

Kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe neza impaka zikikije impinduka mu gisirikare cy’u Rwanda, ni ngombwa kureba n’amateka y’abasirikare bakuru bahoze muri RDF nyuma bakava mu gihugu cyangwa bakajya mu bikorwa bya politiki bitandukanye.

Amazina nka Lt Gen Kayumba Nyamwasa na Col Patrick Karegeya yabaye mu azwi cyane muri iyi nkuru, kubera imyanya ikomeye bari bafite mbere yo kuva mu Rwanda.

Kimwe mu bintu bikunze kugarukwaho iyo havuzwe impinduka mu buyobozi bwa RDF ni amateka y’abasirikare bakuru bahoze muri izi ngabo nyuma bakava mu Rwanda cyangwa bakinjira mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko aya mateka ari yo atuma buri gihe impinduka ziba mu gisirikare zikurikiranwa n’abaturage, abanyapolitiki ndetse n’itangazamakuru.

Lt Gen Kayumba Nyamwasa

Mu mazina akunze kuvugwa harimo Lt Gen Kayumba Nyamwasa, wabaye Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (Chief of Defence Staff) ndetse anayobora urwego rw’ubutasi mu bihe bitandukanye.

Mu mwaka wa 2010 yavuye mu Rwanda ajya muri Afurika y’Epfo, aho nyuma yifatanyije n’abandi bashinze umutwe wa politiki wa Rwanda National Congress (RNC).

Kuva icyo gihe, yakomeje kunenga ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda, mu gihe Leta y’u Rwanda yakomeje kumushinja ibyaha bitandukanye, ibyo we yahakanye.

Guhunga kwe kwabaye inkuru ikomeye kubera umwanya yari afite mu gisirikare n’uruhare yagize mu mateka ya RDF.

Col Patrick Karegeya

Undi muntu wavuzwe cyane ni Col Patrick Karegeya, wahoze ayobora urwego rw’ubutasi bw’u Rwanda.

Nyuma yo kuva mu gihugu, yifatanyije na Kayumba Nyamwasa mu bikorwa bya politiki byakorewe hanze y’u Rwanda.

Mu mpera za 2013, Karegeya yishwe i Johannesburg muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Urupfu rwe rwateje impaka mpuzamahanga, aho Afurika y’Epfo yatangiye iperereza, mu gihe u Rwanda rwahakanye ibirego by’uko rwaba rwarabigizemo uruhare.

Kugeza ubu, urupfu rwe rukomeje kugibwaho impaka

.Abandi bahoze muri RDFHari n’abandi bahoze mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda bagiye baba mu mahanga nyuma yo kuva mu gisirikare, barimo Maj Michael Mupende na Maj Juvénal Turatsinze.

Bamwe muri bo bagiye bagaragara mu bitangazamakuru cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bavuga ibitekerezo byabo ku mutekano, politiki n’imiyoborere y’u Rwanda.

Ibi byakomeje gutuma impaka ku mpinduka ziba muri RDF zirushaho gukomera.

Impande zombi zibisobanura zite?

Abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bavuga ko amateka nk’aya ashobora kuba yaratumye ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda burushaho kwitondera uburyo buyobora inzego z’umutekano, kugira ngo hirindwe amakimbirane cyangwa ugucikamo ibice.

Ku rundi ruhande, Leta y’u Rwanda yo ivuga ko impinduka mu gisirikare zikorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko, ku isimburana ry’abayobozi no ku kubaka igisirikare cy’umwuga, kandi ko bidakwiriye guhuza buri mpinduka n’impamvu za politiki.

Abasesenguzi bigenga na bo bagaragaza ko ari ngombwa kwitondera imyanzuro yihuse.

Bavuga ko mu bihugu byinshi, impinduka mu buyobozi bw’ingabo ziba zisanzwe, ariko nanone amateka y’igihugu ashobora gutuma abaturage bazirebera mu yindi ndorerwamo.

Ese impinduka ziri muri RDF zisanzwe cyangwa zidasanzwe?

Mu myaka ya vuba, ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika birimo Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso na Gabon byahuye n’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryakozwe n’abasirikare.

Ibyo byatumye abantu bamwe batangira kwibaza niba impinduka zikomeye ziba mu buyobozi bw’ingabo z’ibindi bihugu na zo zaba zifitanye isano no kwirinda ibibazo nk’ibyo.

Ariko abahanga mu bya gisirikare bibutsa ko nta gihamya ihari yerekana ko isezererwa ry’abajenerali muri RDF rifitanye isano n’umugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi.

Kuvugurura ubuyobozi no gusimbuza abayobozi ni ibintu bisanzwe mu ngabo z’ibihugu byinshi.

Generation Shift cyangwa Impinduka Zisanzwe? Isesengura ku Hazaza ha RDF

Mu gisirikare icyo ari cyo cyose, impinduka mu buyobozi ni kimwe mu bintu bidashobora kwirindwa. Abasirikare bagera ku myaka y’ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru, abandi bagahindurirwa inshingano, mu gihe abandi bazamurwa mu ntera kugira ngo bakomeze kuyobora.

Abasesenguzi bamwe bavuga ko ibiri kuba muri RDF bishobora kureberwa mu cyo bita “Generation Shift“, ari ukuvuga gusimbuza ikiragano cy’abayobozi bagize uruhare mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu n’abandi basirikare bato bafite uburambe mu bibazo by’umutekano byo muri iki gihe.

Intambara z’iki gihe zitandukanye cyane n’izabaye mu myaka ya za 1990.

Uretse ingabo ziri ku rugamba, ibihugu byinshi bishora imari mu mutekano w’ikoranabuhanga, ubutasi bugezweho, indege zitagira abapilote (drones), kurwanya iterabwoba ndetse no kurinda ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi.

Ni yo mpamvu mu bihugu byinshi, harimo n’u Rwanda, kuzamura abayobozi bashya bishobora gufatwa nk’igice cya gahunda yo gukomeza kuvugurura igisirikare no kugitegura guhangana n’ibibazo bishya by’umutekano.

Ku rundi ruhande, bamwe mu basesenguzi ba politiki n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bakomeza kuvuga ko impinduka nyinshi zabaye mu buyobozi bwa RDF mu gihe gito zishobora no gusobanurwa mu rwego rwa politiki.

Icyakora, ibyo ni ibitekerezo byabo, mu gihe Leta y’u Rwanda yo ikomeza kuvuga ko impinduka zose zishingira ku mategeko, ku isimburana ry’abayobozi no ku kubaka igisirikare cy’umwuga.

Kugeza ubu, nta gihamya yemejwe ku mugaragaro yerekana ko isezererwa ry’abajenerali benshi rifitanye isano n’umugambi wo kwirinda ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi.

Icyo amakuru agaragaza ni uko mu myaka ya 2023 kugeza mu 2026 habaye impinduka zikomeye mu buyobozi bwa RDF, kandi ko izo mpinduka zakomeje gukurikirwa no kugibwaho impaka.

Mu gihe bamwe bazibona nk’ikimenyetso cy’ivugurura risanzwe mu gisirikare, abandi bazifata nk’ikintu gifite ibisobanuro bya politiki.

Ukuri ku mpamvu nyazo kw’ibyemezo nk’ibi kuguma gusobanurwa mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n’uruhande rubivugaho.

Icyo bidashidikanywaho ni uko RDF ikomeje guhinduka no kuvugururwa, nk’uko bikorwa no mu zindi ngabo nyinshi ku isi.

Uko izi mpinduka zizagira uruhare ku hazaza h’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda no ku mutekano w’igihugu ni byo igihe kizakomeza kugaragaza.