Ibyo wamenya ku bikubiye mu masezerano y’ubwumvikane(MoU) hagati ya Amerika na Iran.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Iran bageze ku masezerano yari amaze igihe ategerejwe, ariko haracyategerejwe kurebwa niba azakemura koko ibibazo bikomeye bibatanya, birimo gahunda ya Iran y’ibijyanye n’ingufu za kirimbuzi n’ibisasu bya misile, ikibazo cy’Inzira ya Hormuz, ndetse n’intambara Israheli ihanganyemo n’imitwe ishyigikiwe na Iran.

Aya masezerano yashyizweho umukono ku wa 14 Kamena 2026 agamije gukemura amakimbirane yari amaze amezi agera kuri atatu n’igice, byatumye umuhoro waHormuz ufungwa, bigateza ihungabana rikomeye ku masoko mpuzamahanga ya peteroli ndetse ikagira ingaruka ku izamuka ry’ubukungu ku isi.

Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Pakistan, Shehbaz Sharif, wagize uruhare rwo guhuza no kunga Amerika na Iran muri ibyo biganiro, yatangaje ku Cyumweru ko amasezerano ya nyuma azashyirwaho umukono ku mugaragaro ku wa Gatanu mu gihugu cya Switzerland(Ubusuwisi).

Amasezerano ya mbere yashyizweho umukono, ni  inyandiko y’ubwumvikane (Memorandum of Understanding – MOU), azatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa hafungurwa umuhora wa Hormuz, inzira y’ingenzi inyuramo hafi kimwe cya gatanu (20%) cy’ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaze karemano bikoreshwa ku isi.

Ibi byatangajwe n’umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika wasomeye abanyamakuru ku wa 17 Kamena 2026 ibisobanuro birambuye ku bikubiye muri ayo masezerano.

Nyuma yo gufungura umuhora wa Hormuz, impande zombi ziteganya gutangira ibiganiro bizamara iminsi 60 byibanda ku bihano byafatiwe Iran ndetse na gahunda yayo y’ingufu za kirimbuzi. Nyuma y’iyo minsi 60, Amerika na Iran bazaba bafite uburenganzira bwo kongera igihe cy’ibiganiro mu gihe byaba byemeranyijweho n’impande zombi.

Aya masezerano afatwa nk’intambwe ya mbere igamije kugabanya umwuka mubi hagati ya Amerika na Iran no gushaka ibisubizo birambye ku bibazo by’umutekano, ubukungu n’ibya dipolomasi bimaze igihe bireba akarere k’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati n’isi yose.

Nubwo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zitarashyira ahagaragara inyandiko yuzuye y’aya masezerano, umwe mu bayobozi bayo yavuze ko umushinga w’ayo masezerano ugizwe n’ingingo 14.

Ingingo eshatu za mbere zemeza:

• Guhagarika ako kanya kandi burundu ibikorwa bya gisirikare ku mpande zose z’intambara;
• Kubahana mu busugire bwa Amerika na Iran;
• Kwemeza ko isinywa ry’aya masezerano ritangiza igihe cy’iminsi 60 yo kuganira ku “masezerano ya nyuma” azarangiza amakimbirane.

Impande zombi zanemeranyije kandi gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’aya masezerano y’ibanze (MOU), kugira ngo hubahirizwe ibyo biyemeje kandi bizavemo amasezerano ya nyuma azemezwa binyuze mu Nama y’Umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN Security Council).

Ubuyobozi bwa Amerika bwatangaje ko inyandiko yuzuye y’ayo masezerano izashyirwa ahagaragara nyuma y’umuhango wo kuyasinya ku mugaragaro uzabera mu mujyi wa Geneva. Uwo muhango uzitabirwa na Visi Perezida wa Amerika JD Vance, intumwa yihariye ya Amerika mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati Steve Witkoff, ndetse na Jared Kushner, umukwe wa Perezida wa Amerika Donald Trump.

Minisitiri wungirije w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Iran, Kazem Gharibabadi, yatangaje ko Iran izatangira kubahiriza ibyo yemeye muri ayo masezerano nyuma y’umukono uzashyirwaho ku wa Gatanu.

Perezida Trump yishimiye ayo masezerano, aho yanditse ubutumwa bugira buti: “Amato yo ku isi yose, nimutegure moteri zanyu. Peteroli igiye gutangira gutemba!”

Aya masezerano yakiriwe neza n’amasoko mpuzamahanga. Ibiciro bya peteroli byagabanutse bigera ku rwego rwo hasi cyane mu mezi atatu ashize, bitewe ahanini n’amakuru avuga ko Iran ishobora guhita itangira kugurisha peteroli yayo ku isoko mpuzamahanga hakurikijwe ibikubiye muri ayo masezerano.

Icyakora, impuguke ziracyagaragaza impungenge kuko aya masezerano y’ibanze atarakemura ibibazo byinshi bikomeye.

Steven Cook, impuguke mu bibazo by’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati mu rwego rwa Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), yagize ati:

“Twigeze kugera kuri iki cyiciro mbere, ariko nyuma tuza gusanga impande zombi zidashoboye gukemura ibibazo byari bisigaye. Ibiganiro ku bibazo bitarakemuka, cyane cyane gahunda ya Iran ya kirimbuzi, bizaba birebire kandi bigoye.”

Dore ibintu bitandatu by’ingenzi byabaye ishingiro ry’ibiganiro hagati ya Amerika na Iran kuva intambara yatangira, n’uburyo aya masezerano y’ibanze abyitwaramo.

Umuhora wa Hormuz

Umuhora wa Hormuz wakomeje gufungwa nubwo Amerika na Iran batangaje amasezerano y’ibanze (MOU) mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize.

Perezida wa Amerika Donald Trump yabwiye ikinyamakuru The New York Times ko iyo nzira y’amazi izaba ifunguye ku buryo buhoraho kandi nta misoro cyangwa amafaranga y’inyongera azajya acibwa amato ayinyuramo nyuma y’umuhango wo gusinya amasezerano uzabera i Geneva ku wa Gatanu.

Nyamara, ibikubiye mu masezerano bivuga ko Iran izatanga uburenganzira bwo kunyura muri iyo nzira mu mutekano kandi nta kiguzi ku gihe cy’iminsi 60.

Aya masezerano anagaragaza gahunda yo:

• Gukuraho ibikorwa byo kugenzura no gukumira amato bya gisirikare bya Amerika mu gihe cy’iminsi 30 nyuma yo gusinya amasezerano;
• Gukuraho ku buryo bwagutse ingabo za Amerika zegereye Iran mu gihe cy’iminsi 30 nyuma yo kugera ku masezerano ya nyuma.

Aya masezerano ateganya kandi ko urujya n’uruza rw’amato muri Hormuz ruzasubira ku rwego rwariho mbere y’intambara mu gihe cy’iminsi 30 nyuma yo gusinya.

Ku ruhande rwa Iran, yemeye guhita ifungura iyo nzira ku bwikorezi bw’ubucuruzi, harimo no gukuraho ibyo amasezerano yise “inzitizi za tekiniki n’iza gisirikare” ziri muri uwo muyoboro w’amazi. Ibi bishobora kuba bivuga ibirombe byo mu mazi (undersea mines) bivugwa ko bishobora kuba byarashyizwe na Iran, nubwo bitarigeze byemezwa ku mugaragaro.

Inyandiko y’amasezerano ivuga kandi ko Iran izagirana ibiganiro n’igihugu cya Oman ndetse n’ibindi bihugu bikora ku Nyanja y’Abarabu kugira ngo baganire ku buryo Inzira ya Hormuz izajya icungwa mu gihe kizaza, hubahirijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga akurikizwa.

Elisa Ewers, impuguke mu bibazo by’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati muri Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), yagize ati:“Uburyo umuhora wa Hormuz uzafungurwamo kandi ugacungwa ni kimwe mu bintu bizakurikiranirwa hafi cyane,”

Yakomeje agira ati: “Nubwo Iran ishobora kwemera kudaca amafaranga yo kunyuramo (tolls), andi mafaranga ajyanye na serivisi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwishyurwa bwamaze kuvugwa. Gusubiza ibintu uko byari bimeze mbere y’intambara bizaba ingenzi ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, ku bihugu bifatanyije na Amerika kugira ngo hirindwe gushyiraho urugero rubi rwakoreshwa no ku yindi miyoboro y’amazi ku isi, ndetse no ku bihugu byo mu karere bizagomba kubana n’ayo masezerano.”

Mu butumwa yashyize ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, Perezida wa Amerika Donald Trump yavuze ko “menshi atwaye peteroli,” yatangiye kongera kunyura muri Hormuz, kandi ko iyo nzira yari “itekanye, irinzwe kandi idafite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose.”

Ku rundi ruhande, ibiro ntaramakuru bya Iran bizwi nka Mehr News Agency byatangaje inyandiko yabyo y’amasezerano, bivuga ko ifungurwa rya Hormuz rizakorwa hakurikijwe “imyiteguro n’igenamigambi bya Iran,” ariko ntibyatanga ibisobanuro birambuye.

Gufunga Hormuz na Iran, byatangiye ahanini kuva intambara yaduka mu mpera za Gashyantare, byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko ry’ingufu ku rwego rw’isi. Byatumye itangwa rya peteroli na gaze rigabanuka, ibiciro bya peteroli birahindagurika cyane, ndetse bimwe mu bihugu bigira ibibazo by’ibura ry’amashanyarazi n’ingufu.

Nyuma y’uko Trump atangaje ko amasezerano ari hafi kugerwaho, ibiciro bya peteroli byahise bigabanuka bikagera ku rwego rwo hasi cyane mu byumweru byinshi. Byongeye kugabanuka nyuma y’itangazwa ry’amasezerano mu mpera z’icyumweru.

Icyakora, impuguke zivuga ko nubwo Hormuz yafungurwa ubu, bishobora gufata amezi menshi kugira ngo urujya n’uruza rwa peteroli rusubire ku rwego rusanzwe rwariho mbere y’intambara. Gusa igikorwa cyo gusaka no gukuraho ibisasu cyangwa ibirombe bishobora kuba byaratezwe munsi y’inyanja gishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi mbere y’uko amato atangira kongera kunyura mu buryo busanzwe.

Gahunda ya Iran ya Kirimbuzi

Gahunda ya Iran y’ingufu za kirimbuzi ni kimwe mu bibazo byateje impaka nyinshi hagati ya Iran na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ibikorwaremezo bya Iran bikorerwamo ibikorwa bya kirimbuzi byagabweho ibitero bikomeye byahuriweho na Amerika na Israheli mu mwaka wa 2025, kandi ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Donald Trump bwavuze ko iyi gahunda ya kirimbuzi ari imwe mu mpamvu z’ibanze zatumye intambara iriho ubu itangira.

Iran ikomeje gushimangira ko gahunda yayo ya kirimbuzi igamije amahoro n’iterambere ry’abaturage gusa, nko gukoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi mu bikorwa bya siyansi, ubuvuzi no gutanga amashanyarazi.

Icyakora, ibyo bivugwa na Iran bikomeje gukemangwa n’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi kubera amateka yayo yo kutubahiriza bimwe mu bisabwa n’ikigo cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gishinzwe kugenzura ingufu za kirimbuzi, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Ikindi gitera impungenge ni uko Iran yakomeje gutunganya ubutare bwa uranium kugeza ku rwego rwegereye cyane urushobora gukoreshwa mu gukora intwaro za kirimbuzi. Nubwo uru rwego rutaragera ku rugero nyirizina rukoreshwa mu gukora ibisasu bya kirimbuzi, ibihugu byinshi birimo Amerika na Israheli bibona ko bishobora gutuma Iran ibasha gukora intwaro za kirimbuzi mu gihe gito cyane igihe yaba ibifatiye umwanzuro.

Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo cy’ingufu za kirimbuzi gikomeje kuba kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye kandi bigoye cyane bizaganirwaho mu minsi 60 y’ibiganiro biteganyijwe hagati ya Amerika na Iran nyuma y’isinywa ry’aya masezerano y’agateganyo.

Kuva Perezida wa Amerika Donald Trump akuye Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu masezerano ya kirimbuzi yari yaragiranye na Iran, ibiganiro byagiye biba rimwe na rimwe hagati ya Washington na Tehran bigamije kugera ku masezerano mashya ntabwo byigeze bitanga umusaruro ushimishije.

Amerika ishaka kwemeza ko Iran itazigera ibona cyangwa ikora intwaro za kirimbuzi. Ibi bisaba ko Iran yarekura ubutare bwa uranium yamaze gutunganya kandi igahagarika gahunda yayo yo gutunganya uranium mu gihe runaka. Ariko Repubulika ya Kisilamu ya Iran yakomeje kwanga ibyo byifuzo.

Amasezerano y’agateganyo (MOU) arimo imyanzuro ibiri ikomeye ku kibazo cya kirimbuzi:

• Iran yongeye kwemeza ko itazashaka cyangwa ngo ikore intwaro za kirimbuzi.
• Impande zombi zemeye kuganira ku cyakorwa ku bubiko bwa uranium Iran yamaze gutunganya.

Byongeye kandi, nk’ingamba z’agateganyo mu gihe ibiganiro bikomeje, Iran yemeye kugumana gahunda yayo ya kirimbuzi uko imeze ubu nta yandi majyambere mashya ikoraho, mu gihe Amerika yemeye kudashyiraho ibihano bishya cyangwa kohereza izindi ngabo mu karere.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, Iran yigeze gutanga amasezerano nk’aya mbere ariko ikaza kurenga ku byo yari yiyemeje. Perezida Trump yavuze mu cyumweru gishize ko Iran yamaze kwemera kutazigera ikora intwaro za kirimbuzi.

Ku rundi ruhande, Iran ntabwo iratangaza ku mugaragaro ko yemeye ibyo byose. Ahubwo ku Cyumweru yasohoye itangazo rivuga ko “ibiganiro bya nyuma bizatangira nyuma y’uko uruhande rwa kabiri rubanje gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo rwiyemeje muri aya masezerano.”

Umushinga w’amasezerano ya nyuma uzaganirwaho nyuma yo gusinya MOU urimo ko Iran yahagarika gutunganya uranium ndetse igasenya ibikorwa remezo byayo bya kirimbuzi. Ariko igihe ibyo bizamara ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeje kutumvikanwaho.

Raporo zigaragaza ko:

• Amerika ishaka ko iryo hagarikwa rimara imyaka 20;
• Iran yo idashaka kurenza imyaka 10.

Ibyo byose bizaganirwaho muri iyo minsi 60 y’ibiganiro.

Impuguke Elisa Ewers yavuze ko ibisobanuro birambuye ari byo bizagena niba ayo masezerano azagira akamaro cyangwa atazagira. Harimo:

• Uburyo igenzura rizakorwa;
• Uburyo kubahiriza amasezerano bizemezwa;
• Icyo gusenya ibikorwa bya kirimbuzi bisobanura, cyane cyane ku bikorwaremezo byangijwe n’ibitero byo muri Kamena 2025;
• N’ibindi byiciro byinshi bikiri mu mpaka.

Ibiro ntaramakuru bya Leta ya Iran, IRNA, byatangaje ko Iran izaganira ku kibazo cya kirimbuzi gusa mu rwego rw’amahame shingiro ya Repubulika ya Kisilamu, kandi ko idateganya kureka gahunda yo gutunganya uranium. Ibi bituma uburyo bwo kugenzura no kwemeza ko ibyo Iran ivuga ari ukuri buba ingenzi cyane.

Na ho impuguke Ray Takeyh yavuze ko Iran ishobora kubaka laboratwari nyinshi nto zifite imashini zigezweho zitunganya uranium (centrifuges), ku buryo abagenzuzi mpuzamahanga babona bigoye kuzivumbura zose.

Yagize ati:

“Niba hari zimwe muri izo laboratwari zitabonetse, ubutegetsi bwa Iran bushobora kubona inzira yoroshye kandi itekanye yo kwegera ubushobozi bwo gukora igisasu cya kirimbuzi.”

Ibi ni byo bituma ikibazo cya kirimbuzi gikomeza kuba ingingo ikomeye kandi igoye kurusha izindi mu biganiro biri kuba hagati ya Amerika na Iran.

Imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishyigikiwe na Iran mu Karere

Urusobe rw’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishyigikiwe na Iran hirya no hino mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati rwagize uruhare rukomeye mu kongera ubukana bw’amakimbirane mu myaka ishize, harimo intambara hagati ya Israheli na Hamas yatangiye nyuma y’ibitero byo ku wa 7 Ukwakira 2023, ndetse n’intambara ya Iran.

Mu mitwe yagize uruhare runini harimo:

• Houthis bo muri Yemen;
• Hezbollah bo muri Lebanon.

Aba Houthis barashe misile ku butaka bwa Israheli ku wa 28 Werurwe, mu gihe Hezbollah na Israheli bamaze ibyumweru byinshi barwana nyuma y’uko Israheli itangije ibitero kuri Iran muri Gashyantare.

Aya masezerano mashya hagati ya Amerika na Iran ateganya ko ibikorwa by’urugomo n’imirwano bihagarara ku mpande zose. Ibi bikubiyemo no guhagarika imirwano hagati ya Israheli na Hezbollah ku mupaka wa Lebanon.

Icyakora, Iran ntiratangaza niba yemera guhagarika inkunga iha iyi mitwe. Raporo zitandukanye zigaragaza ko Amerika yasabye Iran guhagarika gutera inkunga abo bafatanyabikorwa bayo mu rwego rw’ibiganiro, nubwo icyo cyifuzo kitagaragara mu buryo bweruye mu nyandiko y’amasezerano yasomwe n’umuyobozi wa Amerika.

Mu bihe byashize, Iran yakunze kwanga ko ibiganiro byibanda ku mitwe iyishyigikiye, ariko kandi yanashyigikiye ko Israheli ihagarika ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri Lebanon.

Impuguke Steven Cook yavuze ko ibi biri mu rwego rw’ibyo yise “umuhate wa Iran wo kurengera Hezbollah no gukumira ko Lebanon yagirana umubano usanzwe na Israheli.”

Ku wa 12 Kamena, igisirikare cya Israheli, Israel Defense Forces (IDF), cyasabye abaturage kuva mu bice bimwe byo mu majyepfo ya Lebanon, kivuga ko Hezbollah yishe amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano.

Nubwo Israheli itari mu masezerano hagati ya Amerika na Iran, Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Israheli Benjamin Netanyahu yavuze ko yagiranye ibiganiro na Perezida Trump ku cyumweru gishize kandi ko bombi bari “bahuje ibitekerezo ku buryo bwuzuye.”

Mu itangazo yasohoye ku wa Mbere, Hezbollah yavuze ko yakiriye neza amasezerano ahagarika imirwano ku mpande zose. Ariko uwo mutwe wanashimangiye ko ugifite uburenganzira bwo “kurinda Lebanon” kugeza igihe Israheli izavanira ingabo zayo burundu ku butaka bwa Lebanon.

Ibi bivuze ko nubwo aya masezerano ashobora kugabanya ubukana bw’intambara mu karere, ikibazo cy’uruhare rw’imitwe ishyigikiwe na Iran kiracyari kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bishobora kugora ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amahoro arambye hagati y’impande zitandukanye.

Imbogamizi ku Bushobozi bwa Gisirikare bwa Iran

Kimwe mu bibazo bigoye cyane mu biganiro hagati ya Amerika na Iran ni ntarengwa Amerika yifuza gushyira kuri gahunda ya Iran y’ibisasu bya misile (ballistic missiles).

Iran yakomeje kuvuga ko gahunda yayo ya misile ari umurongo utukura udashobora kuganirwaho cyangwa kugirwaho amasezerano ayo ari yo yose. Nyuma y’ibiganiro byabaye muri Gashyantare, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Iran, Abbas Araghchi, yanditse ku rubuga rwe rwa Telegram ko gahunda ya misile ya Iran “atari ikintu cyaganirwaho na rimwe”, ayita ikibazo cyerekeye ubwirinzi bw’igihugu.

Ku ruhande rwa Iran, umushinga wayo w’amasezerano watangajwe n’ibitangazamakuru bya Leta wibanda gusa ku: Kibazo cy’ingufu za kirimbuzi; Gukurwaho kw’ibihano ndetse n’Indishyi n’inyungu z’ubukungu.

Nta hantu na hamwe uvuga ku gahunda ya misile za Iran.

Icyakora, Israel yakomeje gusaba ko iki kibazo gishyirwa ku meza y’ibiganiro no mu masezerano ya nyuma. Abayobozi ba Israheli bavuga ko ubushobozi bwa Iran bwo gukora no guteza imbere misile ziraswa kure bukomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano w’akarere.

Na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nazo zakomeje gutsimbarara ko amasezerano ayo ari yo yose azaba yuzuye kandi arambye agomba no gukemura ikibazo cya misile za Iran, kugira ngo umutekano wo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati urusheho kubungabungwa.

Ibi bituma ikibazo cya misile kiba kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bishobora gutuma ibiganiro by’iminsi 60 hagati ya Amerika na Iran bigorana, kuko Iran ibifata nk’uburenganzira bwayo bwo kwirwanaho, mu gihe Amerika na Israheli babibona nk’ikibazo gishobora guhungabanya umutekano w’akarere.

Ni amakuru make cyane amaze kujya ahagaragara ku bijyanye na gahunda ya misile za Iran muri aya masezerano, kandi n’inyandiko y’incamake y’amasezerano yatangajwe nta hantu na hamwe ivuga kuri iki kibazo.

Bamwe mu basesenguzi n’impuguke bemeza ko icyifuzo cya Amerika na Israheli cyo gushyira imipaka ku bushobozi bwa misile za Iran gishobora kuba cyaragabanutse bucece uko ibiganiro byagendaga bitera imbere.

Ibi bibaye mu gihe amakuru y’inzego z’ubutasi za Amerika agaragaza ko Iran igifite hafi 70% by’ibigega bya misile yari ifite mbere y’intambara, ndetse n’ibice hafi 70% by’ibikoresho byimukanwa byo kuzirasisha (mobile missile launchers).

Hari kandi impungenge z’uko Iran iri gukoresha igihe cy’agahenge cyazanywe no guhagarika imirwano kugira ngo yongere kubaka no gukomeza kongerera ubushobozi ingabo zayo ku muvuduko urenze uko benshi bari babyiteze.

Iran kandi yagaragaje ko yifuza ko amasezerano ya nyuma yagabanya ububasha bwa Amerika mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, isaba ko ingabo za Amerika zava cyangwa zigabanywa mu bice bikikije Iran.

Ariko Perezida wa Amerika, Donald Trump, yavuze ko “adashobora no gutekereza kwemera” icyo cyifuzo cya Iran.

Ibi byerekana ko nubwo hari intambwe imaze guterwa mu kugabanya amakimbirane hagati y’impande zombi, ibibazo bikomeye birebana n’umutekano, ubushobozi bwa gisirikare bwa Iran n’uruhare rwa Amerika mu karere bikiri kure yo gukemuka burundu.

Indishyi n’Ikurwaho ry’Ibihano

Iran yinjiye muri ibi biganiro by’intambara ifite ibirego bikomeye by’igihombo cy’ubukungu yatewe n’ibitero bya Amerika na Israheli mu mezi ashize.

Repubulika ya Kisilamu ya Iran yasabye indishyi z’ibyangiritse, aho abayobozi bayo bavuga ko igihugu cyahuye n’igihombo kigera kuri miliyari 270 z’amadolari ya Amerika mu buryo butaziguye n’ubutaziguye kuva ku wa 28 Gashyantare.

Nubwo Amerika yanze kwemera ko ayo mafaranga afatwa nk’indishyi z’intambara, amasezerano ateganya ko Washington n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bo mu karere bazashyiraho gahunda yo gutanga nibura miliyari 300 z’amadolari azafasha kongera kubaka ubukungu bwa Iran bwangijwe n’intambara. Uburyo ayo mafaranga azatangwa buzagenwa mu masezerano ya nyuma.

Aya masezerano anateganya ko Leta ya Amerika yiyemeje gukuraho, hakurikijwe gahunda izemeranywaho, ibihano byose byafatiwe Iran, birimo:

• Ibyemezo byafashwe na United Nations Security Council;
• Ibyemezo byafashwe na International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA);
• N’ibihano byose Amerika yashyizeho ku ruhande rwayo.

Inyandiko yasohotse ku wa 17 Kamena ivuga ko mbere y’uko ibihano bikurwaho burundu, Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika izatanga uburenganzira bwihariye (waivers) butuma Iran yongera kohereza hanze peteroli yayo, ibikomoka kuri peteroli ndetse na serivisi zijyana na byo zirimo amabanki, ubwikorezi n’ubwishingizi.

Ku kibazo cy’umutungo wa Iran wafunzwe mu mahanga, amasezerano avuga gusa ko Amerika izatuma uwo mutungo “uboneka kandi ukoreshwe” nyuma y’uko aya masezerano atangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, ariko uburyo nyabwo bizakorwa buzaganirwaho nyuma.

Iran yagiye isaba ko yahita ibona nibura miliyari 24 z’amadolari y’umutungo wayo wafunzwe na Amerika n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo.

Ku rundi ruhande, abayobozi ba Amerika bakomeje kuvuga ko uwo mutungo ugomba kuguma ufunze kugeza igihe Iran izubahiririza ibisabwa kandi hakaboneka amasezerano ya nyuma yashyizwe mu bikorwa kandi yemejwe mu buryo bwizewe.

Muri Gicurasi, umwe mu bayobozi bakuru bayoboye ibiganiro ku ruhande rwa Iran, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, yasabye ko kimwe cya kabiri cy’ayo mafaranga yafunzwe cyahita gitangwa igihe MOU isinywa, andi asigaye agatangwa mu minsi 60 yakurikiraho.

Kugeza ubu, nta ruhande na rumwe rwerekanye ubushake bwo koroshya imyanya yarwo ku bijyanye n’igihe ibihano bizakurirwaho cyangwa umutungo wafunzwe ugafungurwa.

Visi Perezida wa Amerika, JD Vance, yavuze ati:

“Tubwira Iran ko yemerewe kubona ubukungu butarimo ibihano kandi ko ishobora kongera kwinjira mu bukungu bw’isi, ariko gusa niba yubahirije ibyo yiyemeje muri aya masezerano.”

Ibikenewe mu bukungu bwa Iran ni byinshi cyane. By’umwihariko, ubutegetsi bwa Tehran bushaka gukemura ibibazo by’ubukungu byatumye abaturage benshi bakora imyigaragambyo mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka, ndetse no guhangana n’ingaruka z’ubukungu bw’intambara buri mu bihe bikomeye, aho izamuka ry’ibiciro (inflation) rivugwa ko rigeze hafi kuri 70% ku mwaka.

Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo cy’ibihano, umutungo wafunzwe n’inkunga y’ubukungu kizaba kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi cyane bizagena niba aya masezerano hagati ya Amerika na Iran azagerwaho burundu cyangwa azasubira inyuma.

Intambara ya Israheli muri Lebanon

Amakimbirane ari kubera muri Lebanon yabaye kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye byashyiraga igitutu kuri Iran kandi bikabangamira ibiganiro bya dipolomasi hagati ya Amerika na Repubulika ya Kisilamu ya Iran.

Iran yagiye ivuga yeruye ko ihagarikwa ry’intambara ya Israheli muri Lebanon ari kimwe mu bintu bigomba kubanza gukemuka kugira ngo habeho agahenge karambye hagati ya Tehran na Washington. Ndetse Iran yigeze guhagarika by’agateganyo ibiganiro mu ntangiriro z’uku kwezi kubera ibikorwa bya gisirikare bya Israheli muri Lebanon.

Minisiteri y’Ubuzima ya Lebanon yatangaje ko abantu barenga 3,400 bamaze kwicwa kuva imirwano yakaza umurego mu ntangiriro za Werurwe, harimo abasivili n’abarwanyi, kandi uwo mubare ukomeje kwiyongera.

Iran ivuga ko guhagarika intambara muri Lebanon ari “igice kitatandukanywa” n’amasezerano yo kurangiza intambara hagati yayo na Amerika.

Ariko ku ruhande rwa Israel, abayobozi bayo bavuga ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri Lebanon ari gahunda yihariye kandi izakomeza yaba Amerika ibishyigikiye cyangwa itabishyigikiye.

Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Israheli, Benjamin Netanyahu, yatangaje muri Werurwe ko intego nyamukuru ya Israheli ari “gusenya Hezbollah” mu rwego rw’urugamba rwagutse irimo kurwana na Iran.

Yavuze kandi ko Israel Defense Forces (IDF) yahinduye cyane imiterere y’umutekano muri ako karere, kandi ko kuva kw’ingabo za Israheli mu majyepfo ya Lebanon bizaterwa n’uko Hezbollah yaba yamaze kwamburwa intwaro burundu.

Impuguke Elisa Ewers yavuze ko kwinjiza ikibazo cya Lebanon muri aya masezerano hagati ya Iran na Amerika atari byo byari byifuzwa cyane, nubwo bitashobotse ko cyirengagizwa.

Yagize ati: “Ku butegetsi bwa Israheli, guhagarika urugamba rwayo na Hezbollah ni ikintu gikomeye cyane, cyane cyane mu gihe amatora ari hafi no mu gihe Washington ikiri mu biganiro bikomeye na Tehran.”

Yakomeje avuga ko ku ruhande rwa Lebanon na ho ikibazo ari uko ubutegetsi bw’icyo gihugu ubwabwo butavuga rumwe, bigatuma bigorana gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kwambura Hezbollah intwaro mu gihe uwo mutwe ugikomeje kurasa ku butaka bwa Israheli.

Agahenge kahujwe na Amerika hagati ya Israheli na Lebanon katangiye gukurikizwa ku wa 16 Mata, ariko impande zombi zakomeje gushinjanya kutubahiriza ayo masezerano. Ako gahenge kamaze kongerwa inshuro ebyiri.

Nubwo hari ayo masezerano, ibitero bya Israheli mu majyepfo ya Lebanon no mu murwa mukuru Beirut byarakomeje. Ibi byanateje kutumvikana gukomeye hagati ya Perezida wa Amerika Donald Trump na Netanyahu, bigaragaza uburyo ikibazo cya Lebanon gikomeje kugora amasezerano rusange hagati ya Amerika na Iran.

Ndetse no ku wa 14 Kamena, ubwo amakuru y’aya masezerano y’ibanze (MOU) yari amaze kujya hanze, Israheli yagabye igitero mu gace ka Beirut gihitana abantu batatu. Trump yanenze icyo gitero avuga ko gishobora gushyira aya masezerano mu kaga.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, Israheli ntabwo yigeze yitabira ibiganiro byagejeje kuri aya masezerano, kandi bamwe mu bayobozi bayo bagaragaje kutayashyigikira.

Minisitiri w’Ingabo wa Israheli, Israel Katz, yavuze ko ingabo za Israheli zitazava mu bice zifite muri Lebanon kandi ko zizatera Iran n’imbaraga zose igihe cyose yaba igaragaje imyitwarire y’ubushotoranyi.

Naho Minisitiri ushinzwe Umutekano w’Igihugu muri Israel, Itamar Ben-Gvir, yanditse kuri Telegram ko:

“Amasezerano ya Trump ntabwo atureba. Ntabwo turi mu bayashyizeho umukono, kandi ntabwo arengera umutekano wacu.”

Nubwo hari ayo magambo, inyandiko y’amasezerano izashyirwa mu bikorwa mbere yo gusinyirwa i Geneva ivuga mu buryo bweruye ko ikubiyemo guhagarika ako kanya kandi burundu ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri Lebanon no kubahiriza ubusugire bw’icyo gihugu.

Mu gusoza, Elisa Ewers yavuze ko hari icyizere ko ibiganiro hagati ya Israheli na Lebanon bizakomeza gutera imbere kandi ko Hezbollah ishobora kubahiriza amabwiriza Iran izayishyiriraho mu gihe cy’iminsi 60 cyangwa irenga y’ibiganiro biri imbere.

Yongeyeho ko kugira ngo habeho amahoro arambye hagati ya Lebanon na Israheli bizasaba igihe, ubushake bwa politiki, ndetse n’uruhare rukomeye rwa Amerika mu gukomeza gufasha impande zombi kugera ku bwumvikane.